One feller's views on the state of everyday computer science & its application (and now, OTHER STUFF) who isn't rich enough to shell out for www.myfreakinfirst-andlast-name.com
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public class Service : IService
{
public string GetData(int value)
{
return string.Format("You entered: {0}", value);
}
// ...
}
And all that's in Service.svc is <%@ ServiceHost Language="C#" Debug="true" Service="Service" CodeBehind="~/App_Code/Service.cs" %>
Again, this is the stock WCF project so far. Not overly fancy.
I wanted to be able to hit the stock endpoint from a WCF project in Visual Studio without using a WCF client. Getting to the WSDL file was easy: You can steal that from the page the WCF Test Client refers to if nothing else.
To test this service, you will need to create a client and use it to call the service. You can do this using the svcutil.exe tool from the command line with the following syntax:
What you want to be able to do to invoke a service endpoint directly is, of course, find its URL. In my case, with a little help from SoapUI, I figured out it was the same URL that started up initially:
http://localhost:60817/Service.svc
The first key is that you have to set up two headers to the request:
Content-Type
In my case, text/xml
SOAPAction
So for me, based on the WSDL above, that's http://tempuri.org/IService/GetData for the GetData action.
But you seem to have to send it a body in a POST -- GET gives you that stock opening page again. (Since GET and POST are REST conventions, I half-way expected the WCF service not to care, especially since we know GET can have a body now.)
I am not yet going to claim I know how the WSDL tells you what your input parameters should have looked like.
Again, do this all in a Postman POST request with a body that's raw with XML as its type and you're golden. Change tem:value to another int to see more insanely interesting messages like...
Looking into updating a slew of VB.NET API to C# for a client, and figured I should brush off my VB.NET before getting too serious.
And I figured that means I should make a console app, connect to a sample API URI at JsonPlaceholder, grab a collection of entities, serialize them, loop through, and access something on each individual entity instance. That's half (or more) of what any API does, right?
Oh wow. Slightly larger rabbit hole than I figured.
First, you can't make the top-level Main sub Async in VB.NET. DotNetPerls makes it sound like you can wait out an Async Sub from the Sub Main, but you can't.
Subs should not be async. Event handlers are the only exception to that rule. You awaitย Taskย which can only be returned from aย Function. If the intention is to make that interface async then all the members need to be functions that return aย Taskย or its derivative.
Can confirm.
The right answer is to set up an awaiter in a synchronous [sic] Sub Main.
You won't be able to do top-levelย Awaitย in a console program. You can still make it work (preserving theย Asyncย onย LoadData) with the following changes:
Change the signature ofย LoadDataย toย Private Async Function LoadData() As Task
Change the call inย Mainย toย LoadData.GetAwaiter().GetResult()
It is somewhat amazing how few upvotes these have gotten at SO. Aka "VB.NET was never super popular, relatively speaking [to C#], was it?"
Here's some working code.
Imports Newtonsoft.Json
Module Program
Public Sub Main()
Console.WriteLine("Hello World!")
DoStuff.GetAwaiter().GetResult()
Console.WriteLine("Done")
End Sub
Private Async Function DoStuff() As Task
Dim httpClient As New Net.Http.HttpClient
httpClient.BaseAddress = New Uri("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/")
Try
Console.WriteLine("Starting")
' BaseAddress is strangely draconian:
' https://stackoverflow.com/a/23438417/1028230
'Dim result1 As String = Await webClient.GetStringAsync("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users/1/todos") ' if you don't use BaseAddress
Dim result1 As String = Await httpClient.GetStringAsync("users/1/todos")
Console.WriteLine("Ending")
Dim allTodos = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(Of IEnumerable(Of Todo))(result1)
For Each element In allTodos
Console.Write(element.Id & "--")
Next
Catch ex As Exception
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message)
End Try
End Function
End Module
and the Todo class looks like this:
Public Class Todo
'{
' "userId": 1,
' "id": 1,
' "title": "delectus aut autem",
' "completed": false
'},
Public Property UserId As Integer
Public Property Id As Integer
Public Property Title As String
Public Property Completed As Boolean
End Class
As I think I've mentioned before, a prof told me in college, "They're all different dialects of the same language." Or as a buddy on the ultimate team said, "It's all zeroes and ones." Nothing fancy going on here, but it does take a while to get your ears tuned to the new (ancient?) dialect.
So here's a quick bit of play with the Stripe API using .NET. This looks up information according to a "Checkout Session" id, which is what you'll get sent if you set up a "After Payment" processor URL, which is what I'm doing -- for now in an Azure Function, just to be kewl.
(No, you shouldn't use hard-coded paths in your code. No, you shouldn't pass around anonymous classed entities in C#. You're right, there's one instance of insanely not-DRY-ness in this code that almost bugs me. And I hate kludging ! after a nullable and would refactor that. This is pretty serious "proof of concept" territory here.)
Steps:
Create a .NET console app.
For bonus points, use the newer template without a Main method version, I guess. I got this and was too lazy to start over.
Add stripe.net to your project via your preferred NuGet manager.
Get your Stripe secret key and put it in C:\temp\stripe.key
Paste in the below junk, wiping out the Main method that's in there by default.
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");
StripeConfiguration.ApiKey = File.ReadAllText(@"C:\temp\stripe.key").Trim();
Service = new Stripe.Checkout.SessionService();
var csId = "cs_test_a1RRCS1VWdOwOwvpJfdZCtjb9jSVOxp9ZhQibAI1Hv3dsvi6BfCPIWwdZP";
var info = LookupStripeCheckoutSession(csId);
Console.WriteLine(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(info, Formatting.Indented));
File.WriteAllText(
@"C:\temp\importantStuff.txt",
JsonConvert.SerializeObject(info, Formatting.Indented)
);
}
// Stripe Fees:
// https://stripe.com/pricing
// "Starts at 2.9% + 30ยข [per successful transaction for domestic cards]"
// Fudge.
public static object LookupStripeCheckoutSession(string checkoutSessionId)
{
Session session = Service!.Get(checkoutSessionId);
if (!session.Metadata.TryGetValue("appId", out var appId))
{
throw new MissingFieldException("Checkout session does not contain a product id");
}
System.IO.File.WriteAllText(
@"C:\temp\session.txt",
JsonConvert.SerializeObject(session, Formatting.Indented)
);
return new {
CheckoutSessionId = session.Id,
RufworkAppId = appId,
session.AmountTotal,
session.Created,
session.PaymentStatus, // One of: <c>no_payment_required</c>, <c>paid</c>, or <c>unpaid</c>.
// Note that TotalDetails (as with any child object brought over)
// has its own json settings, so it'll, eg, serialize to snake case
// if you don't munge it.
session.TotalDetails,
session.CustomerDetails.Email,
};
}
I'd been thinking about having a $3/year [sic] subscription for an extension. After a test, I learned what the comments, above, mention: That'll cost me ($3 x .029 + 30ยข somehow equals...) 41ยข [???] per transaction.
Okay, apparently there's a "Usage fee" in addition to the charge?
Stripe allows you to perform end-to-end financial transactions with its suite of integrated offerings:
Stripe Billing - This lets you create recurring subscriptions and invoices. Pricing starts at 2.9% + 30๏ฟ for every successful transaction.
Usage pricing for pay-as-you-go is 0.7% of billing volume.
If you need a Custom billing domain it is $10 per month.
Stripe Invoicing - Allows you to invoice upto 25 customers for free every month. Thereafter an overage of 0.4% is applied per invoice paid.
Stripe Tax - Offers you tools for tax calculation priced at 0.5% for each transaction.
Stripe Atlas - Assists you with setting up a company at a one-time setup fee of $500.
Stripe Sigma - Offers reporting and analytics using SQL. Pricing starts at 2๏ฟ per transaction and includes a $10 fee towards infrastructure. (emphasis mine -mfn)
Billing.ย For businesses with a subscription-based or usage-based model, Stripe enables automated billing on a pay-as-you-go or monthly payment basis. Fees start at 0.7% of the billing volume or $620 per month for a one-year contract.
Cool cool. 13 2/3% of $3. Just below Apple's small dev 15%.
Good times. Least the API is simple. More to come.
Debit card purchases in the US are more extreme: there are no returns on interchange fees on any US debit card transaction.
If your business often processes refunds shortly after a payment, you can combat these potential lost fees by leaving the transaction authorization open rather than settling the sale right away. This is possible because you only pay interchange fees once a transaction is settled. If you leave the authorization open and a customer makes a return, you can simply reverse the authorization and avoid losing any extra interchange fees (since you never paid those fees to begin with).
For example, if you captured and settled a $100 debit card transaction and a customer requested a return, you could lose $0.42. However, if you had left the authorization open, you could only lose slightly less than $0.04.
You can generally leave an authorization open for up to two days before you pay additional fees, so this approach is most relevant for industries with the immediate delivery of goods (such as food delivery services).
@Cthutu I wish "It's like the difference of [declaring] an address vsย [commanding] directions. The address is useful no matter you are. Whereas directions are invalid if you start somewhere else," was the selected answer all by itself.ย ;^)ย
The first shows the trigger in action with some slow-motion demonstrating that a trigger pull is required for each round. But it also is what reminded me of bump stocks. Again, it's not. The bump stock would essentially (afaict, ymmv) push the gun back into your trigger finger so you didn't have to manually pull. It looks like this does something similar but you do have to pull the hairiest trigger possible.
This one shows me two things: The eyes of the first guy shows it fires lots faster than the novice shooter can normally. The second shooter shows me it does take a knack -- easily achieved, but a knack -- to get it to work.
This one, however, is probably my favorite. This fellow shows that he can empty six rounds just as quickly using a traditional trigger. Dude is fast.
Now for some quotes from that article from the National Association for Gun Rights. The last one is pretty telling. They're comparing the Force Reset Trigger to a binary trigger, the second of which also increases discharge rate, but in its case by releasing a round with a pull and a release, thus the whole "binary" moniker. But we learn a decent amount about how actual shooters consider the FRT.
As the BCG [bolt carrier group] moves rearward, it cocks the hammer and simultaneously engages a mechanical component within the trigger assembly designed to push the trigger forward. This forced forward motion ensures a positive reset of the trigger.
...
Forced Reset Triggers significantly increase the rate of fire compared to a standard semi-automatic trigger, similar to the effect of a binary trigger. For shooters who want to send more rounds downrange without the expense and legal hurdles of a full-auto firearm, an FRT can be a viable solution.
...
Ultimately, the FRT is often seen as a fun range accessory rather than a practical tool for precision shooting or tactical applications. While it can provide an exciting experience, shooters must invest time in mastering its operation to use it effectively.
...
An FRT uses the cycling action of the firearm to mechanically force the trigger forward after each shot. This forced reset means your trigger finger moves as the mechanism pushes it forward, rather than through your own conscious effort. While you still feel the movement, the reset action happens automatically due to the interaction between the bolt carrier group and the trigger assembly.
...
If precision shooting is your priority, the binary trigger has a clear advantage. Since the shooter controls when the second round is fired by releasing the trigger, thereโs more time to reacquire the target between shots. This control makes the binary trigger better suited for situations where accuracy is more important than the sheer volume of fire.
...
[Which is better in 5 important use cases...]
5. Home Defense:
No Clear Winner โ Neither Recommended
Why: In high-stress defensive situations, trigger control and shot accountability are paramount. With a binary trigger, itโs easy to forget about the release shot, which could result in an unintended discharge. The FRT, while mechanically reliable, prioritizes speed over precision, which can make shot placement more difficult when it matters most. For home defense, a standard, high-quality semi-automatic trigger is generally a safer and more practical choice.
That last point (and the "fun range accessory" comment) seem to wrap this up for me. In the wrong hands, a FRT could enable someone shooting at a crowd to cause a lot more carnage than without. For the serious shooter or someone truly interested in eliminating a specific threat, there is no practical usage. That is, unless your adversary was coming at you in waves like an 18-century bayonet charge, it's likely a bad idea to use a FRT for security.
Honestly, I'm still surprised we have a sort of bifurcated Second Amendment. District of Columbia v. Heller is described at today's Wikipedia like this:
The Court also added dicta regarding the private ownership of machine guns. In doing so, it suggested the elevation of the "in common use at the time" prong of the Miller decision, which by itself protects handguns, over the first prong (protecting arms that "have some reasonable relationship to the preservation or efficiency of a well regulated militia"), which may not by itself protect machine guns: "It may be objected that if weapons that are most useful in military service โ M16 rifles and the like โ may be banned, then the Second Amendment right is completely detached from the prefatory clause. But as we have said, the conception of the militia at the time of the Second Amendment's ratification was the body of all citizens capable of military service, who would bring the sorts of lawful weapons that they possessed at home."
... but there's also otherwise an argument that anything goes. I mean you can even have a fully automatic rifle (as the NAGR references) if you jump through enough hoops. Okay, I realize that's a law, so not 2nd Amendment protection, but in general it feels like "if the Army can own it, so can I" argument comes up more frequently, like with sawed-off shotguns, iirc. That is, in 1939 SCOTUS said:
The Court cannot take judicial notice that a shotgun having a barrel less than 18 inches long has today any reasonable relation to the preservation or efficiency of a well regulated militia, and therefore cannot say that the Second Amendment guarantees to the citizen the right to keep and bear such a weapon.
But I think I saw an argument that since the Army now assigns shotguns in specific urban missions it's fair game for everyone. But even the text, above, seems counter to Heller: The bar there is "Is this weapon useful to a militia?" not Heller's "Is this something a citizen would have at home and bring to a militia?" Anyhow...
And, as I think I mentioned before, years ago I went to a local gun show to see how tough it'd be to get an AR-15 fully auto. There was a bin of the piece that you'd need to replace to make an AR-15 fully auto and a $10 or so book explaining how to do so easily available. For $1500 or so, you could walk out and be an hour or so away from an fully automatic M-16 equivalent.
The question of whether a FRT should be illegal comes down to how you interpret Heller. I don't know that Heller is talking gun technology. That is, a flintlock musket or rifle (two different things) are nothing, not really, like even a lever-action rifle today. If you'd had a lever-action from 2020 or 1970 in 1770, you would have been a power like no other, not just for rate of fire, speed of round (so velocity and inertia -- damage), but also accuracy.
I think Heller is saying more, "What sorts of weapons do you have around the house today?" rather than "Gun technology stops at 1791".
Even then, NAGR would suggest the FRT isn't one of "the sorts of lawful weapons that they possessed at home" when it says "the FRT is often seen as a fun range accessory rather than a practical tool". When it comes to hunting, they add, "When tracking moving game, accurate follow-up shots are often more critical than speed. The binary trigger provides the time and control necessary to line up subsequent shots, whereas the FRTโs rapid reset can make it more difficult to stay on target."
The weird deal the ATF made with the makers of the FRT is a weird middle ground. I assume it's just a punt. From The Post:
Under the terms of a settlement announced Friday by the Justice Department, โforced reset triggersโ can be sold legally so long as their manufacturer, Rare Breed Triggers, refrains from developing similar devices for pistols and enforces its patents to stop copycats.
Once the patent or whatever is out, are we back to where we started?
Regardless, this seems to support where I think I always end up on this one: If you don't like our current state, you've got to amend the Amendment.
Cybersecurity researchers have flagged three malicious npm packages that are designed to target the Apple macOS version of Cursor, a popular artificial intelligence (AI)-powered source code editor.
"Disguised as developer tools offering 'the cheapest Cursor API,' these packages steal user credentials, fetch an encrypted payload from threat actor-controlled infrastructure, overwrite Cursor's main.js file, and disable auto-updates to maintain persistence," Socket researcher Kirill Boychenko said.
...
"The threat actor's use of the tagline 'the cheapest Cursor API' likely targets this group, luring users with the promise of discounted access while quietly deploying a backdoor," [Socket researcher Kirill Boychenko] added.
None of this is amazing or rocket science, which is exactly why it's important. It's not hard to social engineer humans.
It does make me wonder about the almost unthinking preference devs can have for "[I don't care if it's] NIH". Not that it started with npm. Using brew on macOS or apt-get on Linux are essentially the same thing, but literally anything that auto-updates can be an attack vector.
But if you want to reduce your proverbial footprint, there are ways. Knowing open-source libraries you use well enough to have contributed is one. Not writing an in-house version of something insanely trivial is another.
And, as much as Apple's getting slammed for arguing for its own nanny state right now, using IDEs from fairly reputable sources and not believing deals that are proverbially too good to be true are all probably decent ideas too.
I do wonder about, say, browser extensions. I have one from the EFF on one box that I haven't looked into for a while -- is it still be updated? What do adblock extensions really do? Luckily these are all in JavaScript so, even if obfuscated, you can still sniff through most of them fairly easily. Somebody should know, eventually, if the most popular get wacky. Right?
Though heaven help me if the right vim plugins for IDEs get compromised. I'm toast. (Told ya it was easy.)
In the last contract I completed, we were building WebAPI microservices in C#, and part of our build process was to run all of our XUnit (and, depending on who originally wrote the microservice, maybe NUnit) tests and use SonarCloud to produce a pretty amazingly specific coverage report that highlighted every source file's test status, line-by-line.
I've got a personal project in C#, have been spending time recently writing tests for it, and wondered if I could pull off the same level of coverage testing.
After the above command is run, aย coverage.cobertura.xmlย file containing the results will be published to theย TestResultsย directory as an attachment.
And sure enough, there's a new folder with every run in my C:\path\to\app\MyTestingProjectFolder\TestResults folder. The cobertura file is in painfully named folders like 946f0f00-2eec-4cef-b734-e683d4e258aa, but open the latest and you can see the XML.
This tool quickly generate Html reports from coverage file. Works quite well and does not require complex activities, can be easily included in the build process.
... which, because we said so in the options, creates a folder named coveragereport in the same dir, and within that are two html files that are identical except for their file extensions, index.htm and index.html. Far be it for a Microsoft-adjacent tool to stop producing three-letter file extensions.
And then that report looks incredible:
I have no idea why I redacted so much of that. Also note this is running against a very early stage piece of code. This coverage is obviously horrendous. But the coverage report isn't!
From "Amazon now has a โGet bookโ button in its iOS Kindle app" on theverge.com:
Apple has appealed the decision, but is also complying with it in the interim, prompting several companies to announce app updates making it easier for users to pay for subscriptions and services. That now includes Amazonโs iOS Kindle app. Contrary to prior limitations, there is now a prominent orange โGet bookโ button on Kindle appโs book listings.
I just tried. It's there, and, though obviously easy in retrospect, the implementation surprised me:
Kindle iOS kicked me to Safari, which I keep in private mode, and the "Buy with one click" button is activated.
Okay, well shucks. Upon further review, apparently I don't usually pay much attention to that button, because it's always active, even if you're not logged in. Click it and it asks you to sign in.
But I wouldn't expect that to last long. Right now it looks like Amazon is only adding ref_=rekindleDP&nodl=0 to the URL, but they could add a unique, one-use GUID to the link and, with only a little risk to themselves (oh no! we gave away 200k worth of bytes to the wrong person!), make the button "live" immediately.
Adding a one-use, unique "buy now token" would make it easier to buy using Kindle than Apple's own Books. I click buy in Kindle, I click a "buy now!" button in the browser that's opened (no Touch or Face ID required), and a universal link sends me right back to Kindle.
And this would change our relationship with the web on our phones by merging apps and the web in ways I didn't really picture before. Now, Amazon knows where you were when you considered buying a book. They can do an okay job of fingerprinting you, not that they couldn't with you signed in within the app, but the extra data doesn't hurt. And, app review psychosis aside, there's no way for Apple to protect you beyond the way they protect any other surfer on Safari. (And with other default web browsers now on iOS, they can't always even do that.)
This is a pretty significant wall breaking down in the garden. I'm still tempted to think it's a huge positive for devs and users, but watching the platform regain its equilibrium will be fascinating.
That said, I feel like universal links are about to get overhauled.
Apple might soon say...
We'll let you out of iOS, but we're not letting you back in.
Ugh. Tim Apple strikes again.
(Though I haven't heard of them changing the rules there yet. You think Tim Apple's Apple (vs. Phil's Apple) would've had those universal link rule changes in the license already.)
If you needed an excuse to get on your Apple high horse, I got a new one yesterday.
My super old Android phone -- used essentially only when running for... reasons, mostly Pokemon Go reasons -- popped to its last page of apps after I unlocked it today just long enough to show three new apps there before it snapped back to the first page. Real useful ones like Slotomania and some tiles game.
I didn't realize getting apps slammed onto your phone was a thing. But it is! And has been for over a decade!
I've always sort of thought of internet-enabled devices as ecosystems where code fought it out for resources, especially after the Sony rootkit CD scandal. This is similar, I think.
My Android has a TextNow SIM in it now, for which I pay a total of $5 annually [sic] for a static number plus unlimited calls & texts, and, though unlocked now, the phone originally came from Tracfone, which still has a splash screen on startup and an app that I apparently can't erase, or can't erase without a lot of googling I'm not excited to do.
But what a dumb, invasive, short-sighted way to squeeze a few more cents of revenue out of your users. I don't think iOS lets this happen. That it can happen on Android is "low key" (as the kids say) an argument against 3rd party app stores, which these carrier apps have essentially become.
Ultimately I don't know where these stupid apps came from, but at least I'm not hallucinating?
Okay, hopefully you're not letting your cat do this, but that's funny.
Any time I use regex, I worry that I shouldn't. It's good, I think, for very targeted uses, and there is a wide swath of support through multiple tools, like XUnit's Assert.Match that I'm using now, but, um, there's also the fairly famous XKCD comic about them...
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